This website is the digital version of the 2014 National Climate Assessment, produced in collaboration with the U.S. Global Change Research Program.

For the official version, please refer to the PDF in the downloads section. The downloadable PDF is the official version of the 2014 National Climate Assessment.

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Welcome to the National Climate Assessment

The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future.

A team of more than 300 experts guided by a 60-member Federal Advisory Committee produced the report, which was extensively reviewed by the public and experts, including federal agencies and a panel of the National Academy of Sciences.

Explore the effects of climate change
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Credits

Third NCA Author Teams

1. Overview and Report Findings

Convening Lead Authors

  • Jerry Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory
  • Terese (T.C.) Richmond, Van Ness Feldman, LLP
  • Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University

2. Our Changing Climate

Convening Lead Authors

  • John Walsh, University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Donald Wuebbles, University of Illinois

Lead Authors

  • Katharine Hayhoe, Texas Tech University
  • James Kossin, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Kenneth Kunkel, CICS-NC, North Carolina State Univ., NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Graeme Stephens, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Peter Thorne, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center
  • Russell Vose, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Michael Wehner, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Josh Willis, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Contributing Authors

  • David Anderson, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Scott Doney, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Richard Feely, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
  • Paula Hennon, CICS-NC, North Carolina State Univ., NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Viatcheslav Kharin, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada
  • Thomas Knutson, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
  • Felix Landerer, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Tim Lenton, Exeter University
  • John Kennedy, UK Meteorological Office
  • Richard Somerville, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California, San Diego

3. Water Resources

Convening Lead Authors

  • Aris Georgakakos, Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Paul Fleming, Seattle Public Utilities

Lead Authors

  • Michael Dettinger, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Christa Peters-Lidard, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Terese (T.C.) Richmond, Van Ness Feldman, LLP
  • Ken Reckhow, Duke University
  • Kathleen White, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  • David Yates, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

4. Energy Supply and Use

Convening Lead Authors

  • Jan Dell, ConocoPhillips
  • Susan Tierney, Analysis Group Consultants

Lead Authors

  • Guido Franco, California Energy Commission
  • Richard G. Newell, Duke University
  • Rich Richels, Electric Power Research Institute
  • John Weyant, Stanford University
  • Thomas J. Wilbanks, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

5. Transportation

Convening Lead Authors

  • Henry G. Schwartz, HGS Consulting, LLC
  • Michael Meyer, Parsons Brinckerhoff

Lead Authors

  • Cynthia J. Burbank, Parsons Brinckerhoff
  • Michael Kuby, Arizona State University
  • Clinton Oster, Indiana University
  • John Posey, East-West Gateway Council of Governments
  • Edmond J Russo, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  • Arthur Rypinski, U.S. Department of Transportation

6. Agriculture

Convening Lead Authors

  • Jerry Hatfield, U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Gene Takle, Iowa State University

Lead Authors

  • Richard Grotjahn, University of California, Davis
  • Patrick Holden, Waterborne Environmental, Inc.
  • R. Cesar Izaurralde, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  • Terry Mader, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
  • Elizabeth Marshall, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Contributing Authors

  • Diana Liverman, University of Arizona

7. Forests

Convening Lead Authors

  • Linda A. Joyce, U.S. Forest Service
  • Steven W. Running, University of Montana

Lead Authors

  • David D. Breshears, University of Arizona
  • Virginia H. Dale, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Robert W. Malmsheimer, SUNY Environmental Science and Forestry
  • R. Neil Sampson, Vision Forestry, LLC
  • Brent Sohngen, Ohio State University
  • Christopher W. Woodall, U.S. Forest Service

8. Ecosystems, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services

Convening Lead Authors

  • Peter M. Groffman, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
  • Peter Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy

Lead Authors

  • Shawn Carter, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Nancy B. Grimm, Arizona State University
  • Josh Lawler, University of Washington
  • Michelle Mack, University of Florida
  • Virginia Matzek, Santa Clara University
  • Heather Tallis, Stanford University

9. Human Health

Convening Lead Authors

  • George Luber, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Kim Knowlton, Natural Resources Defense Council and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University

Lead Authors

  • John Balbus, National Institutes of Health
  • Howard Frumkin, University of Washington
  • Mary Hayden, National Center for Atmospheric Research
  • Jeremy Hess, Emory University
  • Michael McGeehin, RTI International
  • Nicky Sheats, Thomas Edison State College

Contributing Authors

  • Lorraine Backer, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • C. Ben Beard, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Kristie L. Ebi, ClimAdapt, LLC
  • Edward Maibach, George Mason University
  • Richard S. Ostfeld, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
  • Christine Wiedinmyer, National Center for Atmospheric Research
  • Emily Zielinski-Gutiérrez, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Lewis Ziska, U.S. Department of Agriculture

10. Energy, Water, and Land Use

Convening Lead Authors

  • Kathy Hibbard, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  • Tom Wilson, Electric Power Research Institute

Lead Authors

  • Kristen Averyt, University of Colorado Boulder
  • Robert Harriss, Environmental Defense Fund
  • Robin Newmark, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  • Steven Rose, Electric Power Research Institute
  • Elena Shevliakova, Princeton University
  • Vincent Tidwell, Sandia National Laboratories

11. Urban Systems, Infrastructure, and Vulnerability

Convening Lead Authors

  • Susan L. Cutter, University of South Carolina
  • William Solecki, City University of New York

Lead Authors

  • Nancy Bragado, City of San Diego
  • JoAnn Carmin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Michail Fragkias, Boise State University
  • Matthias Ruth, Northeastern University
  • Thomas J. Wilbanks, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

12. Indigenous Peoples, Lands, and Resources

Convening Lead Authors

  • T.M. Bull Bennett, Kiksapa Consulting, LLC
  • Nancy G. Maynard, National Aeronautics and Space Administration and University of Miami

Lead Authors

  • Patricia Cochran, Alaska Native Science Commission
  • Robert Gough, Intertribal Council on Utility Policy
  • Kathy Lynn, University of Oregon
  • Julie Maldonado, American University, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
  • Garrit Voggesser, National Wildlife Federation
  • Susan Wotkyns, Northern Arizona University

Contributing Authors

  • Karen Cozzetto, University of Colorado at Boulder

13. Land Use and Land Cover Change

Convening Lead Authors

  • Daniel G. Brown, University of Michigan
  • Colin Polsky, Clark University

Lead Authors

  • Paul Bolstad, University of Minnesota
  • Samuel D. Brody, Texas A&M University at Galveston
  • David Hulse, University of Oregon
  • Roger Kroh, Mid-America Regional Council
  • Thomas R. Loveland, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Allison Thomson, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

14. Rural Communities

Convening Lead Authors

  • David Hales, Second Nature
  • William Hohenstein, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Lead Authors

  • Marcie D. Bidwell, Mountain Studies Institute
  • Craig Landry, East Carolina University
  • David McGranahan, U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Joseph Molnar, Auburn University
  • Lois Wright Morton, Iowa State University
  • Marcela Vasquez, University of Arizona

Contributing Authors

  • Jenna Jadin, U.S. Department of Agriculture

15. Biogeochemical Cycles

Convening Lead Authors

  • James N. Galloway, University of Virginia
  • William H. Schlesinger, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies

Lead Authors

  • Christopher M. Clark, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Nancy B. Grimm, Arizona State University
  • Robert B. Jackson, Duke University
  • Beverly E. Law, Oregon State University
  • Peter E. Thornton, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Alan R. Townsend, University of Colorado Boulder

Contributing Author

  • Rebecca Martin, Washington State University Vancouver

16. Northeast

Convening Lead Authors

  • Radley Horton, Columbia University
  • Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University

Lead Authors

  • William Easterling, Pennsylvania State University
  • Robert Kates, University of Maine
  • Matthias Ruth, Northeastern University
  • Edna Sussman, Fordham University School of Law
  • Adam Whelchel, The Nature Conservancy
  • David Wolfe, Cornell University

Contributing Author

  • Fredric Lipschultz, NASA and Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences

17. Southeast and Caribbean

Convening Lead Authors

  • Lynne M. Carter, Louisiana State University
  • James W. Jones, University of Florida

Lead Authors

  • Leonard Berry, Florida Atlantic University
  • Virginia Burkett, U.S. Geological Survey
  • James F. Murley, South Florida Regional Planning Council
  • Jayantha Obeysekera, South Florida Water Management District
  • Paul J. Schramm, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • David Wear, U.S. Forest Service

18. Midwest

Convening Lead Authors

  • Sara C. Pryor, Indiana University
  • Donald Scavia, University of Michigan

Lead Authors

  • Charles Downer, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center
  • Marc Gaden, Great Lakes Fishery Commission
  • Louis Iverson, U.S. Forest Service
  • Rolf Nordstrom, Great Plains Institute
  • Jonathan Patz, University of Wisconsin
  • G. Philip Robertson, Michigan State University

19. Great Plains

Convening Lead Authors

  • Mark Shafer, Oklahoma Climatological Survey
  • Dennis Ojima, Colorado State University

Lead Authors

  • John M. Antle, Oregon State University
  • Doug Kluck, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Renee A. McPherson, University of Oklahoma
  • Sascha Petersen, Adaptation International
  • Bridget Scanlon, University of Texas
  • Kathleen Sherman, Colorado State University

20. Southwest

Convening Lead Authors

  • Gregg Garfin, University of Arizona
  • Guido Franco, California Energy Commission

Lead Authors

  • Hilda Blanco, University of Southern California
  • Andrew Comrie, University of Arizona
  • Patrick Gonzalez, National Park Service
  • Thomas Piechota, University of Nevada, Las Vegas
  • Rebecca Smyth, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Reagan Waskom, Colorado State University

21. Northwest

Convening Lead Authors

  • Philip Mote, Oregon State University
  • Amy K. Snover, University of Washington

Lead Authors

  • Susan Capalbo, Oregon State University
  • Sanford D. Eigenbrode, University of Idaho
  • Patty Glick, National Wildlife Federation
  • Jeremy Littell, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Richard Raymondi, Idaho Department of Water Resources
  • Spencer Reeder, Cascadia Consulting Group

22. Alaska

Convening Lead Authors

  • F. Stuart Chapin III, University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Sarah F. Trainor, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Lead Authors

  • Patricia Cochran, Alaska Native Science Commission
  • Henry Huntington, Huntington Consulting
  • Carl Markon, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Molly McCammon, Alaska Ocean Observing System
  • A. David McGuire, U.S. Geological Survey and University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Mark Serreze, University of Colorado

23. Hawai‘i and U.S. Affiliated Pacific Islands

Convening Lead Authors

  • Jo-Ann Leong, University of Hawai‘i
  • John J. Marra, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Lead Authors

  • Melissa L. Finucane, East-West Center
  • Thomas Giambelluca, University of Hawai‘i
  • Mark Merrifield, University of Hawai‘i
  • Stephen E. Miller, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
  • Jeffrey Polovina, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Eileen Shea, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Contributing Authors

  • Maxine Burkett, University of Hawai‘i
  • John Campbell, University of Waikato
  • Penehuro Lefale, Meteorological Service of New Zealand Ltd.
  • Fredric Lipschultz, NASA and Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
  • Lloyd Loope, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Deanna Spooner, Pacific Island Climate Change Cooperative
  • Bin Wang, University of Hawai‘i

24. Oceans and Marine Resources

Convening Lead Authors

  • Scott Doney, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Andrew A. Rosenberg, Union of Concerned Scientists

Lead Authors

  • Michael Alexander, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Francisco Chavez, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
  • C. Drew Harvell, Cornell University
  • Gretchen Hofmann, University of California Santa Barbara
  • Michael Orbach, Duke University
  • Mary Ruckelshaus, Natural Capital Project

25. Coastal Zone Development and Ecosystems

Convening Lead Authors

  • Susanne C. Moser, Susanne Moser Research & Consulting and Stanford University
  • Margaret A. Davidson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Lead Authors

  • Paul Kirshen, University of New Hampshire
  • Peter Mulvaney, Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP
  • James F. Murley, South Florida Regional Planning Council
  • James E. Neumann, Industrial Economics, Inc.
  • Laura Petes, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Denise Reed, The Water Institute of the Gulf

26. Decision Support: Connecting Science, Risk Perception, and Decisions

Convening Lead Authors

  • Richard Moss, Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland
  • P. Lynn Scarlett, The Nature Conservancy

Lead Authors

  • Melissa A. Kenney, University of Maryland
  • Howard Kunreuther, University of Pennsylvania
  • Robert Lempert, RAND Corporation
  • Jay Manning, Cascadia Law Group
  • B. Ken Williams, The Wildlife Society

Contributing Authors

  • James W. Boyd, Resources for the Future
  • Emily T. Cloyd, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
  • Laurna Kaatz, Denver Water
  • Lindene Patton, Zurich North America

27. Mitigation

Convening Lead Authors

  • Henry D. Jacoby, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Anthony C. Janetos, Boston University

Lead Authors

  • Richard Birdsey, U.S. Forest Service
  • James Buizer, University of Arizona
  • Katherine Calvin, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland
  • Francisco de la Chesnaye, Electric Power Research Institute
  • David Schimel, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Ian Sue Wing, Boston University

Contributing Authors

  • Reid Detchon, United Nations Foundation
  • Jae Edmonds, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Maryland
  • Lynn Russell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
  • Jason West, University of North Carolina

28. Adaptation

Convening Lead Authors

  • Rosina Bierbaum, University of Michigan
  • Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation
  • Joel Smith, Stratus Consulting

Lead Authors

  • Maria Blair, Independent
  • Lynne M. Carter, Louisiana State University
  • F. Stuart Chapin III, University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Paul Fleming, Seattle Public Utilities
  • Susan Ruffo, The Nature Conservancy

Contributing Authors

  • Shannon McNeeley, Colorado State University
  • Missy Stults, University of Michigan
  • Laura Verduzco, Chevron Corporation
  • Emily Seyller, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

29. Research Needs for Climate and Global Change Assessments

Convening Lead Authors

  • Robert W. Corell, Florida International University and the GETF Center for Energy and Climate Solutions
  • Diana Liverman, University of Arizona

Lead Authors

  • Kirstin Dow, University of South Carolina
  • Kristie L. Ebi, ClimAdapt, LLC
  • Kenneth Kunkel, CICS-NC, North Carolina State Univ., NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Linda O. Mearns, National Center for Atmospheric Research
  • Jerry Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory

30. Sustained Assessment: A New Vision for Future U.S. Assessments

Convening Lead Authors

  • John A. Hall, U.S. Department of Defense
  • Maria Blair, Independent

Lead Authors

  • James L. Buizer, University of Arizona
  • David I. Gustafson, Monsanto Company
  • Brian Holland, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability
  • Susanne C. Moser, Susanne Moser Research & Consulting and Stanford University
  • Anne M. Waple, Second Nature and University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

Appendix 3. Climate Science Supplement
and Appendix 4. Frequently Asked Questions

Convening Lead Authors

  • John Walsh, University of Alaska Fairbanks
  • Donald Wuebbles, University of Illinois

Lead Authors

  • Katharine Hayhoe, Texas Tech University
  • James Kossin, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Kenneth Kunkel, CICS-NC, North Carolina State Univ., NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Graeme Stephens, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Peter Thorne, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center
  • Russell Vose, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Michael Wehner, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  • Josh Willis, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Contributing Authors

  • David Anderson, NOAA National Climatic Data Center
  • Viatcheslav Kharin, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada
  • Thomas Knutson, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
  • Felix Landerer, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
  • Tim Lenton, Exeter University
  • John Kennedy, UK Meteorological Office
  • Richard Somerville, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ. of California, San Diego

Federal National Climate Assessment and Development Advisory Committee (NCADAC)

Chair

  • Jerry Melillo, Marine Biological Laboratory

Vice-Chairs

  • Terese (T.C.) Richmond, Van Ness Feldman, LLP
  • Gary Yohe, Wesleyan University

Committee Members

  • Daniel Abbasi, GameChange Capital, LLC
  • E. Virginia Armbrust, University of Washington
  • Timothy (Bull) Bennett, Kiksapa Consulting, LLC
  • Rosina Bierbaum, University of Michigan and PCAST
  • Maria Blair, Independent
  • James Buizer, University of Arizona
  • Lynne M. Carter, Louisiana State University
  • F. Stuart Chapin III, University of Alaska
  • Camille Coley, Florida Atlantic University
  • Jan Dell, ConocoPhillips
  • Placido dos Santos, WestLand Resources, Inc.
  • Paul Fleming, Seattle Public Utilities
  • Guido Franco, California Energy Commission
  • Mary Gade, Gade Environmental Group
  • Aris Georgakakos, Georgia Institute of Technology
  • David Gustafson, Monsanto Company
  • David Hales, Second Nature
  • Sharon Hays, Computer Sciences Corporation
  • Mark Howden, CSIRO
  • Anthony Janetos, Boston University
  • Peter Kareiva, The Nature Conservancy
  • Rattan Lal, Ohio State University
  • Arthur Lee, Chevron Corporation
  • Jo-Ann Leong, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology
  • Diana Liverman, University of Arizona and Oxford University
  • Rezaul Mahmood, Western Kentucky University
  • Edward Maibach, George Mason University
  • Michael McGeehin, RTI International
  • Susanne C. Moser, Susanne Moser Research & Consulting and Stanford University
  • Richard Moss, University of Maryland and PNNL
  • Philip Mote, Oregon State University
  • Jayantha Obeysekera, South Florida Water Management District
  • Marie O’Neill, University of Michigan
  • Lindene Patton, Zurich Financial Services
  • John Posey, East-West Gateway Council of Governments
  • Sara Pryor, Indiana University
  • Andrew Rosenberg, University of New Hampshire and Union of Concerned Scientists
  • Richard Schmalensee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Henry Schwartz, HGS Consultants, LLC
  • Joel Smith, Stratus Consulting
  • Donald Wuebbles, University of Illinois

Ex Officio Committee Members

  • Ko Barrett, U.S. Department of Commerce
  • Katharine Batten, U.S. Agency for International Development
  • Virginia Burkett, U.S. Department of the Interior
  • Patricia Cogswell, U.S. Department of Homeland Security
  • Gerald Geernaert, U.S. Department of Energy
  • John Hall, U.S. Department of Defense
  • Leonard Hirsch, Smithsonian Institution
  • William Hohenstein, U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Patricia Jacobberger-Jellison, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Thomas R. Karl, Subcommittee on Global Change Research, U.S. Department of Commerce
  • George Luber, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • C. Andrew Miller, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Robert O’Connor, National Science Foundation
  • Susan Ruffo, White House Council on Environmental Quality
  • Arthur Rypinski, U.S. Department of Transportation
  • Trigg Talley, U.S. Department of State

Designated Federal Officers

  • Cynthia J. Decker, NOAA
  • Kandis Y. Wyatt, NOAA

Federal Executive Team

  • John Holdren, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
  • Katharine Jacobs, Director, National Climate Assessment, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (through December 2013)
  • Thomas Armstrong, Director, U.S. Global Change Research Program National Coordination Office, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
  • Thomas R. Karl, Chair, Subcommittee on Global Change Research, U.S. Department of Commerce
  • Tamara Dickinson, Principal Assistant Director for Environment and Energy, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
  • Fabien Laurier, Director, Third National Climate Assessment, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
  • Glynis C. Lough, NCA Chief of Staff, U.S. Global Change Research Program
  • David Easterling, NCA Technical Support Unit Director, NOAA NCDC

National Climate Assessment Staff

USGCRP National Climate Assessment Coordination Office

  • Katharine Jacobs, Director, National Climate Assessment, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) (through December 2013) / University of Arizona
  • Fabien Laurier, Director, Third National Climate Assessment, White House OSTP (previously Deputy Director, USGCRP) (from December 2013)
  • Glynis Lough, NCA Chief of Staff, USGCRP / UCAR (from June 2012)
  • Sheila O’Brien, NCA Chief of Staff, USGCRP / UCAR (through May 2012)
  • Susan Aragon-Long, NCA Senior Scientist and Sector Coordinator, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Ralph Cantral, NCA Senior Scientist and Sector Coordinator, NOAA (through November 2012)
  • Tess Carter, Student Assistant, Brown University
  • Emily Therese Cloyd, NCA Public Participation and Engagement Coordinator, USGCRP / UCAR
  • Chelsea Combest-Friedman, NCA International Coordinator, Knauss Marine Policy Fellow, NOAA (February 2011-February 2012)
  • Alison Delgado, NCA Scientist and Sector Coordinator, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, University of Maryland (from October 2012)
  • William Emanuel, NCA Senior Scientist and Sector Coordinator, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, University of Maryland (June 2011-September 2012)
  • Matt Erickson, Student Assistant, Washington State University (July-October 2012)
  • Ilya Fischhoff, NCA Program Coordinator, USGCRP / UCAR
  • Elizabeth Fly, NCA Coastal Coordinator, Knauss Marine Policy Fellow, NOAA (February 2013-January 2014)
  • Chelcy Ford, NCA Sector Coordinator, USFS (August-November 2011)
  • Wyatt Freeman, Student Assistant, George Mason University / UCAR (May-September 2012)
  • Bryce Golden-Chen, NCA Program Coordinator, USGCRP / UCAR
  • Nancy Grimm, NCA Senior Scientist and Sector Coordinator, NSF / Arizona State University (July 2011-September 2012)
  • Tess Hart, NCA Communications Assistant, USGCRP / UCAR (June-July 2011)
  • Melissa Kenney, NCA Indicators Coordinator, NOAA / University of Maryland
  • Fredric Lipschultz, NCA Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator, NASA / Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
  • Stuart Luther, Student Assistant, Arizona State University / UCAR (June-August 2011)
  • Julie Maldonado, NCA Engagement Assistant and Tribal Coordinator, USGCRP / UCAR
  • Krista Mantsch, Student Assistant, Indiana University / UCAR (May-September 2013)
  • Rebecca Martin, Student Assistant, Washington State University (June-August 2012)
  • Paul Schramm, NCA Sector Coordinator, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (June-November 2010)

Technical Support Unit, National Climatic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS

  • David Easterling, NCA Technical Support Unit Director, NOAA National Climatic Data Center (from March 2013)
  • Anne Waple, NCA Technical Support Unit Director, NOAA NCDC / UCAR (through February 2013)
  • Susan Joy Hassol, Senior Science Writer, Climate Communication, LLC / Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, North Carolina State University (CICS-NC)
  • Paula Ann Hennon, NCA Technical Support Unit Deputy Director, CICS-NC
  • Kenneth Kunkel, Chief Scientist, CICS-NC
  • Sara W. Veasey, Creative Director, NOAA NCDC
  • Andrew Buddenberg, Software Engineer/Scientific Programmer, CICS-NC
  • Fred Burnett, Administrative Assistant, Jamison Professional Services, Inc.
  • Sarah Champion, Scientific Data Curator and Process Analyst, CICS-NC
  • Doreen DiCarlo, Program Coordinator, CICS-NC (August 2011-April 2012)
  • Daniel Glick, Editor, CICS-NC
  • Jessicca Griffin, Lead Graphic Designer, CICS-NC
  • John Keck, Web Consultant, LMI, Inc. (August 2010 - September 2011)
  • Angel Li, Web Developer, CICS-NC
  • Clark Lind, Administrative Assistant, The Baldwin Group, Inc. (January-September 2012)
  • Liz Love-Brotak, Graphic Designer, NOAA NCDC
  • Tom Maycock, Technical Editor, CICS-NC
  • Janice Mills, Business Manager, CICS-NC
  • Deb Misch, Graphic Designer, Jamison Professional Services, Inc.
  • Julie Moore, Administrative Assistant, The Baldwin Group, Inc. (June 2010-January 2012)
  • Ana Pinheiro-Privette, Data Coordinator, CICS-NC (January 2012-July 2013)
  • Deborah B. Riddle, Graphic Designer, NOAA NCDC
  • April Sides, Web Developer, ERT, Inc.
  • Laura E. Stevens, Research Scientist, CICS-NC
  • Scott Stevens, Support Scientist, CICS-NC
  • Brooke Stewart, Science Editor/Production Coordinator, CICS-NC
  • Liqiang Sun, Research Scientist/Modeling Support, CICS-NC
  • Robert Taylor, Student Assistant, UNC Asheville, CICS-NC
  • Devin Thomas, Metadata Specialist, ERT, Inc.
  • Teresa Young, Print Specialist, Team ERT/STG, Inc.

Web Design and Production

Review Editors

  • Joseph Arvai, University of Calgary
  • Peter Backlund, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
  • Lawrence Band, University of North Carolina
  • Jill S. Baron, U.S. Geological Survey / Colorado State University
  • Michelle L. Bell, Yale University
  • Donald Boesch, University of Maryland
  • Joel R. Brown, New Mexico State University
  • Ingrid C. (Indy) Burke, University of Wyoming
  • Gina Campoli, Vermont Agency of Transportation
  • Mary Anne Carroll, University of Michigan
  • Scott L. Collins, University of New Mexico
  • John Daigle, University of Maine
  • Ruth DeFries, Columbia University
  • Lisa Dilling, University of Colorado
  • Otto C. Doering III, Purdue University
  • Hadi Dowlatabadi, University of British Columbia
  • Charles T. Driscoll, Syracuse University
  • Hallie C. Eakin, Arizona State University
  • John Farrington, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Chris E. Forest, Pennsylvania State University
  • Efi Foufoula-Georgiou, University of Minnesota
  • Adam Freed, The Nature Conservancy
  • Robert Fri, Resources for the Future
  • Stephen T. Gray, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Jay Gulledge, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Terrie Klinger, University of Washington
  • Ian Kraucunas, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
  • Larissa Larsen, University of  Michigan
  • William J. Massman, U.S. Forest Service
  • Michael D. Mastrandrea, Stanford University
  • Pamela Matson, Stanford University
  • Ronald G. Prinn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • J.C. Randolph, Indiana University
  • G. Philip Robertson, Michigan State University
  • David Robinson, Rutgers University
  • Dork Sahagian, Lehigh University
  • Christopher A. Scott, University of Arizona
  • Peter Vitousek, Stanford University
  • Andrew C. Wood, NOAA

United States Global Change Research Program

  • Thomas Armstrong (OSTP), Executive Director, USGCRP
  • Chris Weaver (OSTP / EPA), Deputy Executive Director, USGCRP

Subcommittee on Global Change Research

Chair

  • Thomas Karl, U.S. Department of Commerce

Vice Chairs

  • Ann Bartuska, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Vice Chair, Adaptation Science
  • Gerald Geernaert, U.S. Department of Energy, Vice Chair, Integrated Modeling
  • Mike Freilich, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Vice Chair, Integrated Observations
  • Roger Wakimoto, National Science Foundation, Vice-Chair

Principals

  • John Balbus, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • Katharine Batten, U.S. Agency for International Development
  • Joel Clement, U.S. Department of the Interior
  • Robert Detrick, U.S. Department of Commerce
  • Scott L. Harper, U.S. Department of Defense
  • Leonard Hirsch, Smithsonian Institution
  • William Hohenstein, U.S. Department of Agriculture
  • Jack Kaye, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
  • Michael Kuperberg, U.S. Department of Energy
  • C. Andrew Miller, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • Arthur Rypinski, U.S. Department of Transportation
  • Joann Roskoski, National Science Foundation
  • Trigg Talley, U.S. Department of State

Interagency National Climate Assessment Working Group

Chair

  • Katharine Jacobs, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (through December 2013)
  • Fabien Laurier, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (from December 2013)

Vice-Chair

  • Virginia Burkett, U.S. Department of the Interior – U.S. Geological Survey (from March 2013)
  • Anne Waple, NOAA NCDC / UCAR (through February 2013)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

  • Allison Leidner, Earth Science Division / Universities Space Research Association

National Science Foundation

  • Anjuli Bamzai, Directorate for Geosciences (through May 2011)
  • Eve Gruntfest, Directorate for Geosciences (January-November 2013)
  • Rita Teutonico, Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences (through January 2011)

Smithsonian Institution

  • Leonard Hirsch, Office of the Undersecretary for Science

U.S. Department of Agriculture

  • Linda Langner, U.S. Forest Service (through January 2011)
  • Carolyn Olson, Office of the Chief Economist
  • Toral Patel-Weynand, U.S. Forest Service
  • Louie Tupas, National Institute of Food and Agriculture
  • Margaret Walsh, Office of the Chief Economist

U.S. Department of Commerce

  • Ko Barrett, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (from February 2013)
  • David Easterling, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – National Climatic Data Center (from March 2013)
  • Nancy McNabb, National Institute of Standards and Technology (from February 2013)
  • Adam Parris, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  • Anne Waple, NOAA NCDC / UCAR (through February 2013)

U.S. Department of Defense

  • William Goran, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
  • John Hall, Office of the Secretary of Defense
  • Katherine Nixon, Navy Task Force Climate Change (from May 2013)
  • Courtney St. John, Navy Task Force Climate Change (through August 2012)

U.S. Department of Energy

  • Robert Vallario, Office of Science

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

  • John Balbus, National Institutes of Health
  • Paul Schramm, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (through July 2011)

U.S. Department of Homeland Security

  • Mike Kangior, Office of Policy (from November 2011)
  • John Laws, National Protection and Programs Directorate (from May 2013)

U.S. Department of the Interior

  • Susan Aragon-Long, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Virginia Burkett, U.S. Geological Survey
  • Leigh Welling, National Park Service (through May 2011)

U.S. Department of State

  • David Reidmiller, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental & Scientific  Affairs
  • Kenli Kim, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental & Scientific Affairs (from February 2013)

U.S. Department of Transportation

  • Arthur Rypinski, Office of the Secretary
  • Mike Savonis, Federal Highway Administration (through March 2011)
  • AJ Singletary, Office of the Secretary (through August 2010)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

  • Rona Birnbaum, Office of Air and Radiation
  • Anne Grambsch, Office of Research and Development
  • Lesley Jantarasami, Office of Air and Radiation

White House Council on Environmental Quality

  • Jeff Peterson (through July 2013)
  • Jamie Pool (from February 2013)

White House Office of Management and Budget

  • Stuart Levenbach (through May 2012)

White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

  • Katharine Jacobs, Environment and Energy Division (through December 2013)
  • Fabien Laurier, Environment and Energy Division (from December 2013)

With special thanks to former NOAA Administrator, Jane Lubchenco and former Associate Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Shere Abbott

The National Climate Assessment summarizes the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future.

A team of more than 300 experts guided by a 60-member Federal Advisory Committee produced the report, which was extensively reviewed by the public and experts, including federal agencies and a panel of the National Academy of Sciences.

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